This course analyzes the decision making of individual households and firms in a market economy, with an emphasis on the use of the price mechanism to allocate resources. The course will include applications to relevant economic policy.

This course examines the working of the national economy with an emphasis on the determination of national income. There will be an examination of important issues such as unemployment, price stability, and balance of payments and of possible government policies to deal with these issues.

A study of growth in developing countries considering the relationship of economic development to the structure of the economy; problems in modernizing the economic structure; problems of growth within the modernized sector of the economy.

An examination of the economics of location, mobility of resources between municipalities and regions, tax policies and other factors which affect the economies of localities.††

This course examines the taxation system in Canada in comparison to the tax systems of other countries. There will be some time spent on the judgement criteria to be used in evaluating a tax system.

This course examines Canada's historical economic growth and development from the early 19th century to the 1980s. The topics to be covered include agricultural development, trade policy, transportation, banking, resources, capital formation, industrialization and population change.

Economic theory is applied to the problems of natural resource pricing, allocation and conservation. Topics covered include common property resources, resource production and exhaustion, resources and economic growth, and the economics of recreational resources. The formulation of natural resource policy is discussed.

An intermediate level course in microeconomic models and theory. Topics covered may include: consumer choice, production theories, market structures, income distribution theories and general equilibrium.

This course is designed to introduce the student to the economic characteristics, function and performance of Canada's financial system. Such institutions as the Canadian payment system, the money market, the banks and near banks, and the foreign exchange market will be examined in detail.

Economic principles applied to enterprise and institutions where the profit incentive cannot be used to allocate resources.†

This course explores the economic development of Europe beginning with the industrial revolution of Britain and its transmission to the continent. Considerable attention is devoted to the factors leading to economic growth in Europe.††

Characteristics of education as an economic good; investment criteria with particular emphasis on cost-benefit analysis; methods of measuring private and social rates of return and the implications for productivity and growth; policy implications.†

With an emphasis on Canadian public sector institutions, this course examines theories about the growth of government and how government is involved in the allocation of resources, distribution of income and stabilization of the economy. Canadian fiscal federalism is also examined.

This course emphasizes the application of economic theory to agriculture. Both the production and marketing sectors are examined. Public policies are assessed.††

An introduction to the quantitative techniques and research methods used in Economics.

This course examines population dynamics including births, deaths, and mobility along with population organization and divisions as it impacts markets and economic growth. Some attention will be paid to the life cycle in both earnings and consumption. The interaction of public policy and demographics is also addressed.

Economic theory is applied to the problems of environmental disruption and pollution. The factors that inhibit environmental improvement are examined. Economic policies that can be used to prevent environmental decay are studied.

An introductory course in international trade theory and policy. Partial and general equilibrium analysis is used to discuss the direction of and gains from trade, and the effects of distortions like tariffs and quotas. The second part of the course includes a discussion of trade policy issues such as the formation of free trade areas and customs unions, and the operation of the world trading system under the World Trade Organization (formerly GATT).

An intermediate level course in macroeconomic models and theory. Topics covered may include: national income analysis, consumption and investment theories, classical and Keynesian systems, inflation theories and the role of money.

An introduction to the Japanese economic experience from remote cultural foundations to the contemporary "economic miracle." Special emphasis will be given to modern social and economic institutions, contemporary economic behaviour and performance, comparisons with other developed economies, and opportunities for beneficial adaptation of features of the Japanese economy.

The study of the distribution of income measures how the output of the nation is shared among the individual and household units of society. The positive aspect of income distribution measures and explains how income is actually distributed in Canada. The normative aspect of income distribution asks how income should be distributed in Canada. Government redistribution of income through taxes and transfers is also considered.

This course traces the history of international economic relations from the period of industrialization to the present. Topics covered will include the gold standard, international trade, foreign investment and migration.

An examination of the market for health care. Special emphasis will be given to health as an economic good, the relation between health status and economic well-being, market responses to the demand for health care, for the provision of health care workers, and the problems of health care costs and financing in a Canadian context.

Macroeconomic analysis is used to gain understanding of the determinants of current business conditions, to make macroeconomic forecasts, and to evaluate the effects on the economic and business environment of various types of macroeconomic policies.

(Cross-listed as BU255.)

This course develops and applies those principles of economics, which offer a foundation for managerial decision making. Microeconomic tools are applied to analyze the economic choices faced by the firm, and to establish decision rules which can assist the manager of business enterprise in achieving the goals of the firm.

An examination of conventional microeconomic theories which attempt to explain the nature of markets and the behaviour of individuals and firms. Topics will include consumer choice, the technology and costs of production, firm behaviour, competition and market structure.

(Cross-listed as BU275.)

An introduction to the major concepts and techniques of probability and statistics with emphasis on economic applications. Topics include probability, distributions, estimation, hypothesis testing, chi-square and non-parametric statistics. Regression is also introduced.

A study of the determination of levels of aggregate output, employment, interest rates, and prices in both closed and open economies with emphasis on static analysis. Stabilization policy is also examined.

An introduction to regression theory and its application to economic problems.

Applied basic microeconomic principles to the examination of prices and investment in transportation modes and facilities. Demand models are developed and compared. Urban, regional and national transportation issues are discussed.†

An examination of the theoretical foundations of benefit-cost analysis, cost-utility analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis along with the introduction of a number of case studies. Applications are to a number of areas within the public sector.†

The course examines the theory and evidence relating to firms operating within imperfect market structures. The effects of structural conditions such as concentration, barriers to entry and product differentiation on the firm's pricing strategies and performance are examined using statistical studies and industry studies.

A description and analysis of the Canadian labour market and its role in the allocation of resources.

An introductory survey of modern theories of economic growth and of the empirical applications of such theories. Topics include the neoclassical growth model, new growth theory and the role of economic institutions and government policy in facilitating growth.

An in-depth examination of one applied and/or theoretical topic in economics, to be chosen by the faculty.††

This course reviews the impact of government revenue collection and spending on the production of goods and services and income distribution using partial and general equilibrium analysis.†

This course examines the interaction between business and government in open market economies. Topics included for discussion are competition policy, deregulation, privatization and business-government partnerships.

A course designed to investigate alternative methods and practices of economic forecasting.

Many important economic problems can be represented by mathematical game models because each agent's welfare depends on other agent's choices as well as on his own. Examples include the firm's price and output decisions in oligopolistic markets and the "free rider" problem. This course introduces the student to game theoretic methods for analyzing both static and dynamic versions of such problems.

An examination of the historical development of the labour market and labour movement in Canada, the theory of the labour movement, collective bargaining, and public policy towards and control of employer-employee relations.

The process of change, which is altering economic theory today, has been at work since the beginning of economics. This course examines the process of change by studying the history of economics from the precursors of Adam Smith to J.M. Keynes.

This course examines the operational and strategic decisions of firms using the tools of microeconomics. The emphasis is on developing analytical models to evaluate both intra-firm organization and inter-firm rivalry. Topics covered include horizontal and vertical boundaries of the firm, markets and competitive analysis, strategic positions and competitive advantage and incentive contracts and agency issues.

A second course in intermediate macroeconomics. Topics may include consumption, investment, the demand for money, the monetary mechanism, models of wage determination, the formation and role of expectations, the theory of fiscal policy, and international aspects of monetary and fiscal policy.

This course is designed as a mathematical treatment of economic theory; some partial and general equilibrium models of micro and macroeconomics will be discussed and students will be introduced to stability analysis; in addition some other special theoretical techniques and models will be discussed.

Macroeconomic theory is discussed in the context of an economy which is engaging in international trade. Besides dealing with the effects of trade on such things as domestic employment and inflation, the course places considerable emphasis on how trade is financed, exchange rate and balance of payments determination, the international financial system and macroeconomic policy.

Standard econometric methods and extensions with a special emphasis on applications.

An examination of decision making, equilibrium, and efficiency in different economic environments. Topics may include strategic behaviour, information, risk, intertemporal choice, product differentiation, general equilibrium, externalities and public goods.

This course introduces the process of undertaking empirical research in economics leading to the formulation and preparation of a research proposal.

A study of extensions and refinements of the static model of national income determination with particular emphasis upon the theories of aggregate consumption, investment, and the demand and supply of money. Dynamic analysis is used to study the determinants of the rates of inflation and of economic growth and to evaluate macroeconomic policies designed to influence these variables.

An advanced survey of models of aggregate income, employment, and price level determination and recent developments in macroeconomics.

A survey of the econometrics of time series analysis and recent advances in regression methods. (Cross-listed as MA492.)

An in-depth study of microeconomic theory and its applications as represented by published articles in academic journals and other contemporary literature. Topics may include moral hazard, adverse selection, principal-agent interactions, problems relating to insurance markets, co-operation through self-interest and endogenous market structure.

A survey of the econometrics of seemingly unrelated regressions, and temporal cross-section and simultaneous equation models.

Honours Economics students with the permission of the department may undertake a research paper in economics. The paper will be directed by a member of the faculty who agrees to the proposal.

A research paper will be written under the direction of the course co-ordinator and the results will be presented in a seminar.

An in-depth examination of one applied and/or theoretical topic in economics, to be chosen by the faculty.